Complications

1- Chronic Complications

1. 1. Diabetic Foot

1. 2. Foot Ulcer Prevention

2- Acute Complications

Cardiovascular Complications of Diabetes

1. Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy

Examinations and tests in diabetic patients

1. Tilt Table Testing

2. Heart Rate Response to Standing Test

3. Valsalva Maneuver

4. Heart Rate Variability (HRV)

5. Toe Pressure And Toe-Brachial Index (TBI) Measurement Using Photoplethysmography (PPG)

6. Measurement Of Ankle Pressures, Assessment Doppler Waveforms And Calculation Of The Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI)

7. Vibration using 128 Hz tuning fork

8. 10g (5.07) Semmes-Weinstein monofilament

Medications for DSPN in diabetes

1- Gabapentinoids

1. 1. Pregabalin

1. 2. Gabapentin

2- Other treatments for DSPN

2. 1. Thioctic Acid (Alpha-lipoic acid)

2. 2. Lidocaine Hydrochloride

2. 3. Capsaicin

3- SNRIs (Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors)

3. 1. Venlafaxine

3. 2. Duloxetine

4- Sodium-channel blockers

4. 1. Valproic Acid

4. 2. Carbamazepine

5- SSRI – Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor

5. 1. Sertraline

5. 2. Fluoxetine

5. 3. Paroxetine

5. 4. Citalopram

6- TCAs (Tricyclic Antidepressants)

6. 1. Desipramine

6. 2. Nortriptyline

6. 3. Imipramine Hydrochloride

6. 4. Amitriptyline Hydrochloride

Medications for orthostatic hypotension

1. Droxidopa

2. Fludrocortisone Acetate

3. Midodrine Hydrochloride

Neurological complications of diabetes

1. Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy

2. Distal Symmetric Diabetic Polyneuropathy (DSPN)