is categorized as an Alpha-/Beta- Agonist. 1. US Boxed Warning Supine Hypertension: Monitor supine blood pressure before and during treatment, especially when increasing doses. Elevating the head of the bed…
Fludrocortisone Acetate
1. DRUG ACTION Fludrocortisone has very high mineralocorticoid activity and insignificant glucocorticoid activity. 2. INDICATIONS AND DOSE 2.1 Neuropathic Postural Hypotension Adult: 100–400 micrograms daily orally. 2.2 Mineralocorticoid Replacement in Adrenocortical Insufficiency Adult: 50–300…
Midodrine Hydrochloride
1. DRUG ACTION Midodrine hydrochloride is a pro-drug of desglymidodrine. Desglymidodrine is a sympathomimetic agent which acts on peripheral alpha-adrenergic receptors to increase arterial resistance, resulting in an increase in…
Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy
1. Introduction: Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is defined as the impairment of autonomic control of the cardiovascular system. It may be associated with several abnormalities in cardiovascular function. 2. Abbreviations:…
Tilt Table Testing
Tilt table testing is used to diagnose the cause of unexplained fainting (syncope). The test helps to identify whether fainting is due to a condition called vasovagal syncope, which is…
Heart Rate Response to Standing Test
1. Normal Physiological Response: When a person stands up, gravity causes blood to pool in the legs. The body must quickly adapt to maintain adequate blood flow to the brain…
Valsalva Maneuver
The Valsalva Maneuver is a test used to evaluate autonomic function by measuring the cardiovascular system’s response to a forced exhalation against a closed airway. This maneuver helps assess the…
Heart Rate Variability (HRV)
Heart Rate Variability (HRV) Analysis Heart Rate Variability (HRV) analysis measures the variations in time intervals between heartbeats, which reflect autonomic nervous system activity. Here’s how to perform HRV analysis…
Valproic Acid
Valproic Acid INDICATIONS AND DOSE Treatment of Manic Episodes Associated with Bipolar Disorder By Mouth Adult: Initially 750 mg daily in 2–3 divided doses, then increased to 1–2 g daily,…
Sertraline
Indications and Dosage Depressive Illness By Mouth (Adults): Initially 50 mg daily, increased in steps of 50 mg at intervals of at least one week if required; maintenance dose is 50…